LoRaWAN Layers

The LoRaWAN architecture is defined in terms of blocks known as layers. Each layer is responsible for realizing a portion of the standard and offers services to the next higher layers.

An end-device contains at least one Physical Layer (PHY), which embeds the radio frequency transceiver. A MAC layer provides access to the physical channel. The application layer provides access to the MAC layer that is used to send and receive the data. The following figure shows the stack architecture of the LoRa end-device.

Figure 1. LoRaWAN Layers