With increased DER penetrations, the ability of DERs to ride through large changes in voltage phase angle becomes increasingly important for reliable operation of the BPS. Large changes in voltage phase angle can occur during normally cleared fault events or line switching on the BPS. Widespread DER tripping during these events can cause adverse impacts to BPS reliability. Therefore, from the BPS perspective, voltage phase angle ride-through capability and performance are strongly recommended for all DERs.
The following table shows a comparison between the IEEE 1547 standard and other DER interconnection standards.
| Standards for DER | Listing/Certification | Interconnection Standards | State/PUC/Utility Rules | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA | HI/HECO | ||||||||
| Function Set | Advanced Function Capability | UL 1741 | UL 1741 (SA) 2006 | IEEE® 1547.1 - 201?* | IEEE 1547 - 2003 | IEEE 1547a - 2014 | IEEE 1547 - 2018 | Rule 21 (Phases) | Rule 14H and UL SRDv1.1 |
| All | Adjustability in ranges of allowable settings | Δ | ✓ | ‡ | |||||
| Monitoring and control | Ramp rate control | Δ | ‡ (P1) | ‡ | |||||
| Communication interface | Δ | ‡ | ‡ (P2) | ‡ | |||||
| Disable permit service (Remote shut-off, remote disconnect/reconnect) | Δ | ‡ | ‡ (P3) | ‡ | |||||
| Limit active power | Δ | ‡ | ‡ (P3) | ||||||
| Monitor key DER data | Δ | ‡ | ‡ (P3) | ||||||
| Scheduling | Set active power | [ ‡ (P3) ] | |||||||
| Scheduling power values and models | ‡ (P3) | ||||||||
| Reactive power and voltage support | Constant power factor | ✓ | Δ | Δ | ✓ | ✓ | ‡ | ‡ (P1) | X |
| Voltage-reactive power (Volt-VAR) | Δ | Δ | X | ✓ | ‡ | ‡ (P1) | ‡ | ||
| Autonomously Adjustable Voltage Reference | Δ | ‡ | !!! | !!! | |||||
| Active Power-Reactive Power (Watt-VAR) | Δ | X | ‡ | ‡ | |||||
| Constant Reactive Power | ✓ | Δ | ✓ | ✓ | ‡ | ||||
| Voltage active power (Volt-Watt) | Δ | Δ | X | ✓ | ‡ | ‡ (P3) | ‡ | ||
| Dynamic voltage support during Voltage Ride-Through (VRT) | ✓ | [ ‡ (P3) ] | |||||||
| Bulk system reliability and frequency support | Frequency Ride-Through (FRT) | Δ | Δ | ‡ | ‡ (P1) | ‡ | |||
| Rate-of-change of FRT | Δ | ‡ | !!! | !!! | |||||
| VRT | Δ | Δ | ‡ | ‡ (P1) | ‡ | ||||
| Voltage phase angle jump ride-through | Δ | ‡ | !!! | !!! | |||||
| Frequency-watt | Δ | Δ | X | ✓ | ‡ | ‡ (P3) | ‡ | ||
| Other advanced DER functions | Anti-islanding detection and trip | Δ | ‡ | ‡ (P1) | ‡ | ||||
| Transient overvoltage | ‡ | ‡ | |||||||
| Remote configurability | ‡ | ‡ (P2) | ‡ | ||||||
| Return to service (Enter service) | ‡ | ‡ (P1) | ‡ | ||||||
While California and Hawaii have taken an early adopter role in implementing rules that incorporate the practices outlined above, we expect other states to follow as more alternative energy-generated DER (wind, solar, and so on.) operators emerge across the North American continent and around the world.