31.2.2.1 Definitions

An ideal n-bit single-ended ADC converts a voltage linearly between GND and VREF in 2n steps (LSbs). The lowest code is read as ‘0’, and the highest code is read as 2n-1. Several parameters describe the deviation from the ideal behavior.
Offset Error
The deviation of the first transition (0x000 to 0x001) compared to the ideal transition (at 0.5 LSb). Ideal value: 0 LSb.
Figure 31-2. Offset Error
Gain Error
After adjusting for offset, the gain error is found as the deviation of the last transition (0x3FE to 0x3FF) compared to the ideal transition (at 1.5 LSb below maximum). Ideal value: 0 LSb.
Figure 31-3. Gain Error
Integral Nonlinearity (INL)
After adjusting for offset and gain error, the INL is the maximum deviation of an actual transition compared to an ideal transition for any code. Ideal value: 0 LSb.
Figure 31-4. Integral Nonlinearity
Differential Nonlinearity (DNL)
The maximum deviation of the actual code width (the interval between two adjacent transitions) from the ideal code width (1 LSb). Ideal value: 0 LSb.
Figure 31-5. Differential Nonlinearity
Quantization Error
Due to the quantization of the input voltage into a finite number of codes, a range of input voltages (1 LSb wide) will code to the same value. Always ±0.5 LSb.
Absolute Accuracy
The maximum deviation of an actual (unadjusted) transition compared to an ideal transition for any code. This is the compound effect of all aforementioned errors. Ideal value: ±0.5 LSb.