44.1.1 Standard Instruction Set


Important: All PIC18 instructions may take an optional label argument preceding the instruction mnemonic for use in symbolic addressing. If a label is used, the instruction format then becomes:

{label} instruction argument(s).

ADDFSR Add Literal to FSR
Syntax ADDFSR fn, k
Operands

0 ≤ k ≤ 63
fn ∈ [0, 1, 2]

Operation (FSRfn) + k → FSRfn
Status Affected None
Encoding 1110 1000 fnfnkk kkkk
Description The 6-bit literal ‘k’ is added to the contents of the FSR specified by ‘fn
Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘k’ Process Data Write to FSR

Example: ADDFSR 2, 23h

Before Instruction
FSR2 = 03FFh

After Instruction
FSR2 = 0422h

ADDLW Add Literal to W
Syntax ADDLW k
Operands 0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operation (W) + k → W
Status Affected N, OV, C, DC, Z
Encoding 0000 1111 kkkk kkkk
Description The contents of W are added to the 8-bit literal ‘k’ and the result is placed in W
Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘k’ Process Data Write to W

Example: ADDLW 15h

Before Instruction
W = 10h

After Instruction
W = 25h

ADDWF Add W to f
Syntax ADDWF f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation (W) + (f) → dest
Status Affected N, OV, C, DC, Z
Encoding 0010 01da ffff ffff
Description

Add W to register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back in register ‘f’ (default).

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

Example: ADDWF REG, 0, 0

Before Instruction
W = 17h
REG = 0C2h

After Instruction
W = 0D9h
REG = 0C2h

ADDWFC Add W and Carry Bit to f
Syntax ADDWFC f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation (W) + (f) + (C) → dest
Status Affected N, OV, C, DC, Z
Encoding 0010 00da ffff ffff
Description

Add W, the Carry flag and data memory location ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is placed in data memory location ‘f’.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

Example: ADDWFC REG, 0, 1

Before Instruction
Carry bit = 1
REG = 02h
W = 4Dh

After Instruction
Carry bit = 0
REG = 02h
W = 50h

ANDLW AND Literal with W
Syntax ANDLW k
Operands 0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operation (W) .AND. k → W
Status Affected N, Z
Encoding 0000 1011 kkkk kkkk
Description The contents of W are ANDed with the 8-bit literal ‘k’. The result is placed in W
Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘k’ Process Data Write to W

Example: ANDLW 05Fh

Before Instruction
W = A3h

After Instruction
W = 03h

ANDWF AND W with f
Syntax ANDWF f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation (W) .AND. (f) → dest
Status Affected N, Z
Encoding 0001 01da ffff ffff
Description

The contents of W are ANDed with register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back in register ‘f’ (default).

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

Example: ANDWF REG, 0, 0

Before Instruction
W = 17h
REG = C2h

After Instruction
W = 02h
REG = C2h

BC Branch if Carry
Syntax BC n
Operands -128 ≤ n ≤ 127
Operation

If the Carry bit is ‘1
(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC

Status Affected None
Encoding 1110 0010 nnnn nnnn
Description If the Carry bit is ‘1’, then the program will branch. The two’s complement number ‘2n’ is added to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a two-cycle instruction.
Words 1
Cycles 1 (2)

Q Cycle Activity:

If Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘n’ Process Data Write to PC
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If No Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘n’ Process Data No operation

Example: HERE BC 5

Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction
If Carry = 1; PC = address (HERE + 12)
If Carry = 0; PC = address (HERE + 2)

BCF Bit Clear f
Syntax BCF f, b {,a}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
0 ≤ b ≤ 7
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation 0 → f<b>
Status Affected None
Encoding 1001 bbba ffff ffff
Description

Bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is cleared.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write register ‘f’

Example: BCF FLAG_REG, 7, 0

Before Instruction
FLAG_REG = C7h

After Instruction
FLAG_REG = 47h

BN Branch if Negative
Syntax BN n
Operands -128 ≤ n ≤ 127
Operation

If NEGATIVE bit is ‘1
(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC

Status Affected None
Encoding 1110 0110 nnnn nnnn
Description If the NEGATIVE bit is ‘1’, then the program will branch. The two’s complement number ‘2n’ is added to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a two-cycle instruction.
Words 1
Cycles 1 (2)

Q Cycle Activity:

If Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘n’ Process Data Write to PC
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If No Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘n’ Process Data No operation

Example: HERE BN Jump

Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction
If NEGATIVE = 1; PC = address (Jump)
If NEGATIVE = 0; PC = address (HERE + 2)

BNC Branch if Not Carry
Syntax BNC n
Operands -128 ≤ n ≤ 127
Operation

If the Carry bit is ‘0
(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC

Status Affected None
Encoding 1110 0011 nnnn nnnn
Description If the Carry bit is ‘0’, then the program will branch. The two’s complement number ‘2n’ is added to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a two-cycle instruction.
Words 1
Cycles 1 (2)

Q Cycle Activity:

If Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘n’ Process Data Write to PC
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If No Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘n’ Process Data No operation

Example: HERE BNC Jump

Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction
If Carry = 0; PC = address (Jump)
If Carry = 1; PC = address (HERE + 2)

BNN Branch if Not Negative
Syntax BNN n
Operands -128 ≤ n ≤ 127
Operation

If NEGATIVE bit is ‘0
(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC

Status Affected None
Encoding 1110 0111 nnnn nnnn
Description If the NEGATIVE bit is ‘0’, then the program will branch. The two’s complement number ‘2n’ is added to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a two-cycle instruction.
Words 1
Cycles 1 (2)

Q Cycle Activity:

If Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘n’ Process Data Write to PC
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If No Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘n’ Process Data No operation

Example: HERE BNN Jump

Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction
If NEGATIVE = 0; PC = address (Jump)
If NEGATIVE = 1; PC = address (HERE + 2)

BNOV Branch if Not Overflow
Syntax BNOV n
Operands -128 ≤ n ≤ 127
Operation

If OVERFLOW bit is ‘0
(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC

Status Affected None
Encoding 1110 0101 nnnn nnnn
Description If the OVERFLOW bit is ‘0’, then the program will branch. The two’s complement number ‘2n’ is added to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a two-cycle instruction.
Words 1
Cycles 1 (2)

Q Cycle Activity:

If Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘n’ Process Data Write to PC
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If No Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘n’ Process Data No operation

Example: HERE BNOV Jump

Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction
If OVERFLOW = 0; PC = address (Jump)
If OVERFLOW = 1; PC = address (HERE + 2)

BNZ Branch if Not Zero
Syntax BNZ n
Operands -128 ≤ n ≤ 127
Operation

If ZERO bit is ‘0
(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC

Status Affected None
Encoding 1110 0001 nnnn nnnn
Description If the ZERO bit is ‘0’, then the program will branch. The two’s complement number ‘2n’ is added to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a two-cycle instruction.
Words 1
Cycles 1 (2)

Q Cycle Activity:

If Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘n’ Process Data Write to PC
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If No Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘n’ Process Data No operation

Example: HERE BNZ Jump

Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction
If ZERO = 0; PC = address (Jump)
If ZERO = 1; PC = address (HERE + 2)

BOV Branch if Overflow
Syntax BOV n
Operands -128 ≤ n ≤ 127
Operation

If OVERFLOW bit is ‘1
(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC

Status Affected None
Encoding 1110 0100 nnnn nnnn
Description If the OVERFLOW bit is ‘1’, then the program will branch. The two’s complement number ‘2n’ is added to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a two-cycle instruction.
Words 1
Cycles 1 (2)

Q Cycle Activity:

If Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘n’ Process Data Write to PC
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If No Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘n’ Process Data No operation

Example: HERE BOV Jump

Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction
If OVERFLOW = 1; PC = address (Jump)
If OVERFLOW = 0; PC = address (HERE + 2)

BRA Unconditional Branch
Syntax BRA n
Operands -1024 ≤ n ≤ 1023
Operation (PC) + 2 + 2n → PC
Status Affected None
Encoding 1101 0nnn nnnn nnnn
Description The two’s complement number ‘2n’ is added to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is a two-cycle instruction.
Words 1
Cycles 2

Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘n’ Process Data Write to PC
No operation No operation No operation No operation

Example: HERE BRA Jump

Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction
PC = address (Jump)

BSF Bit Set f
Syntax BSF f, b {,a}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
0 ≤ b ≤ 7
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation 1 → f<b>
Status Affected None
Encoding 1000 bbba ffff ffff
Description

Bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is set.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write register ‘f’

Example: BSF FLAG_REG, 7, 1

Before Instruction
FLAG_REG = 0Ah

After Instruction
FLAG_REG = 8Ah

BTFSC Bit Test File, Skip if Clear
Syntax BTFSC f, b {,a}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
0 ≤ b ≤ 7
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation Skip if (f<b>) = 0
Status Affected None
Encoding 1011 bbba ffff ffff
Description

If bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is ‘0’, then the next instruction is skipped. If bit ‘b’ is ‘0’, then the next instruction fetched during the current instruction execution is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making this a two-cycle instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1 (2)

Note: Three cycles if skip and followed by a two-word instruction. Four cycles if skip and followed by a three-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

If no skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by two-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by three-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
Example:
HERE   BTFSC   FLAG, 1, 0
FALSE:
TRUE:

Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction
If FLAG<1> = 0; PC = address (TRUE)
If FLAG<1> = 1; PC = address (FALSE)

BTFSS Bit Test File, Skip if Set
Syntax BTFSS f, b {,a}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
0 ≤ b ≤ 7
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation Skip if (f<b>) = 1
Status Affected None
Encoding 1010 bbba ffff ffff
Description

If bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is ‘1’, then the next instruction is skipped. If bit ‘b’ is ‘1’, then the next instruction fetched during the current instruction execution is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making this a two-cycle instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1 (2)

Note: Three cycles if skip and followed by a two-word instruction. Four cycles if skip and followed by a three-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

If no skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by two-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by three-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
Example:
HERE   BTFSS   FLAG, 1, 0
FALSE:
TRUE:

Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction
If FLAG<1> = 0; PC = address (FALSE)
If FLAG<1> = 1; PC = address (TRUE)

BTG Bit Toggle f
Syntax BTG f, b {,a}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
0 ≤ b ≤ 7
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation (f<b>) → f<b>
Status Affected None
Encoding 0111 bbba ffff ffff
Description

Bit ‘b’ in data memory location ‘f’ is inverted.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write register ‘f’

Example: BTG PORTC, 4, 0

Before Instruction
PORTC = 0111 0101 [75h]

After Instruction
PORTC = 0110 0101 [65h]

BZ Branch if Zero
Syntax BZ n
Operands -128 ≤ n ≤ 127
Operation

If ZERO bit is ‘1
(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC

Status Affected None
Encoding 1110 0000 nnnn nnnn
Description

If the ZERO bit is ‘1’, then the program will branch. The two’s complement number ‘2n’ is added to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a two-cycle instruction.

Words 1
Cycles 1 (2)

Q Cycle Activity:

If Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘n’ Process Data Write to PC
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If No Jump:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘n’ Process Data No operation

Example: HERE BOV Jump

Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction
If ZERO = 1; PC = address (Jump)
If ZERO = 0; PC = address (HERE + 2)

CALL Subroutine Call
Syntax CALL k {,s}
Operands

0 ≤ k ≤ 1048575
s ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(PC) + 4 → TOS
k → PC<20:1>

If s = 1
(W) → WREG_CSHAD
(STATUS) → STATUS_CSHAD
(BSR) → BSR_CSHAD

Status Affected None

Encoding
1st word (k<7:0>)
2nd word (k<19:8>)

1110 110s k7kkk kkkk0
1111 k19kkk kkkk kkkk8
Description Subroutine call of entire 2-Mbyte memory range. First, return address (PC + 4) is pushed onto the return stack. If ‘s’ = 1, the WREG, STATUS and BSR registers are also pushed into their respective shadow registers WREG_CSHAD, STATUS_CSHAD and BSR_CSHAD. If ‘s’ = 0, no update occurs (default). Then, the 20-bit value ‘k’ is loaded into PC<20:1>. CALL is a two-cycle instruction.
Words 2
Cycles 2

Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘k’<7:0> PUSH PC to stack Read literal ‘k’<19:8>

Write to PC

No operation No operation No operation No operation

Example: HERE CALL THERE, 1

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction

PC = address (THERE)
TOS = address (HERE + 4)
WREG_CSHAD = (WREG)
BSR_CSHAD = (BSR)
STATUS_CSHAD = (STATUS)

CALLW Subroutine Call using WREG
Syntax CALLW
Operands None
Operation

(PC) + 2 → TOS
(W) → PCL
(PCLATH) → PCH
(PCLATU) → PCU

Status Affected None
Encoding 0000 0000 0001 0100
Description

First, the return address (PC + 2) is pushed onto the return stack. Next, the contents of W are written to PCL; the existing value is discarded. Then, the contents of PCLATH and PCLATU are latched onto PCH and PCU respectively. The second cycle is executed as a NOP instruction while the new next instruction is fetched. Unlike CALL, there is no option to update W, STATUS or BSR.

Words 1
Cycles 2

Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read WREG PUSH PC to stack No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation

Example: HERE CALLW

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)
PCLATH = 10h
PCLATU = 00h
W = 06h

After Instruction

PC = address 001006h
TOS = address (HERE + 2)
PCLATH = 10h
PCLATU = 00h
W = 06h

CLRF Clear f
Syntax CLRF f {,a}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

000h → f
1 → Z

Status Affected Z
Encoding 0110 101a ffff ffff
Description

Clears the contents of the specified register ‘f’.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write register ‘f’

Example: CLRF FLAG_REG, 1

Before Instruction
FLAG_REG = 5Ah

After Instruction
FLAG_REG = 00h

CLRWDT Clear Watchdog Timer
Syntax CLRWDT
Operands None
Operation

000h → WDT
1TO
1PD

Status Affected TO, PD
Encoding 0000 0000 0000 0100
Description CLRWDT instruction resets the Watchdog Timer. It also resets the STATUS bits, and TO and PD are set.
Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode No operation Process Data No operation

Example: CLRWDT

Before Instruction
WDT Counter = ?

After Instruction
WDT Counter = 00h
TO = 1
PD = 1

COMF Complement f
Syntax COMF f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(f) → dest

Status Affected N, Z
Encoding 0001 11da ffff ffff
Description

The contents of register ‘f’ are complemented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back in the register ‘f’ (default).

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

Example: COMF REG0, 0, 0

Before Instruction
REG = 13h

After Instruction
REG = 13h
W = ECh

CPFSEQ Compare f with W, Skip if f = W
Syntax CPFSEQ f {,a}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(f) – (W), skip if (f) = (W)
(unsigned comparison)

Status Affected None
Encoding 0110 001a ffff ffff
Description

Compares the contents of data memory location ‘f’ to the contents of W by performing an unsigned subtraction. If the contents of ‘f’ are equal to the contents of WREG, then the fetched instruction is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making this a two-cycle instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1 (2)

Note: Three cycles if skip and followed by a two-word instruction. Four cycles if skip and followed by a three-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

If no skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by two-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by three-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
Example:
HERE   CPFSEQ   REG, 0
NEQUAL:
EQUAL:

Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)
W = ?
REG = ?

After Instruction
If REG = W; PC = address (EQUAL)
If REG ≠ W; PC = address (NEQUAL)

CPFSGT Compare f with W, Skip if f > W
Syntax CPFSGT f {,a}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(f) – (W), skip if (f) > (W)
(unsigned comparison)

Status Affected None
Encoding 0110 010a ffff ffff
Description

Compares the contents of data memory location ‘f’ to the contents of W by performing an unsigned subtraction. If the contents of ‘f’ are greater than the contents of WREG, then the fetched instruction is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making this a two-cycle instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1 (2)

Note: Three cycles if skip and followed by a two-word instruction. Four cycles if skip and followed by a three-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

If no skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by two-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by three-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
Example:
HERE   CPFSGT   REG, 0
NGREATER:
GREATER:

Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)
W = ?
REG = ?

After Instruction
If REG > W; PC = address (GREATER)
If REG ≤ W; PC = address (NGREATER)

CPFSLT Compare f with W, Skip if f < W
Syntax CPFSLT f {,a}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(f) – (W), skip if (f) < (W)
(unsigned comparison)

Status Affected None
Encoding 0110 000a ffff ffff
Description

Compares the contents of data memory location ‘f’ to the contents of W by performing an unsigned subtraction. If the contents of ‘f’ are less than the contents of WREG, then the fetched instruction is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making this a two-cycle instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1 (2)

Note: Three cycles if skip and followed by a two-word instruction. Four cycles if skip and followed by a three-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

If no skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by two-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by three-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
Example:
HERE   CPFSLT   REG, 1
NLESS:
LESS:

Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)
W = ?
REG = ?

After Instruction
If REG < W; PC = address (LESS)
If REG ≥ W; PC = address (NLESS)

DAW Decimal Adjust W Register
Syntax DAW
Operands None
Operation

If [(W<3:0>) > 9] or [DC = 1] then
(W<3:0>) + 6 → W<3:0>;
else
(W<3:0>) → W<3:0>;

If [(W<7:4>) + DC > 9] or [C = 1] then
(W<7:4>) + 6 + DC → W<7:4>;
else
(W<7:4>) + DC → W<7:4>

Status Affected C
Encoding 0000 0000 0000 0111
Description DAW adjusts the 8-bit value in W, resulting from the earlier addition of two variables (each in packed BCD format) and produces a correct packed BCD result.
Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register W Process Data Write register W

Example 1: DAW

Before Instruction
W = A5h
C = 0
DC = 0

After Instruction
W = 05h
C = 1
DC = 0

Example 2: DAW

Before Instruction
W = CEh
C = 0
DC = 0

After Instruction
W = 34h
C = 1
DC = 0

DECF Decrement f
Syntax DECF f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(f) – 1 → dest

Status Affected C, DC, N, OV, Z
Encoding 0000 01da ffff ffff
Description

Decrement register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back in the register ‘f’ (default).

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

Example: DECF CNT, 1, 0

Before Instruction
CNT = 01h
Z = 0

After Instruction
CNT = 00h
Z = 1

DECFSZ Decrement f, Skip if 0
Syntax DECFSZ f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(f) – 1 → dest, skip if result = 0

Status Affected None
Encoding 0010 11da ffff ffff
Description

The contents of register ‘f’ are decremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is placed back in register ‘f’ (default).

If the result is ‘0’, the next instruction, which is already fetched, is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making it a two-cycle instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1 (2)

Note: Three cycles if skip and followed by a two-word instruction. Four cycles if skip and followed by a three-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

If no skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by two-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by three-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
Example:
HERE   DECFSZ   CNT, 1, 1
       GOTO     LOOP
CONTINUE

Before Instruction
CNT = ?
PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction
CNT = CNT – 1
If CNT = 0; PC = address (CONTINUE)
If CNT ≠ 0; PC = address (HERE + 2)

DCFSNZ Decrement f, Skip if not 0
Syntax DCFSNZ f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(f) – 1 → dest, skip if result ≠ 0

Status Affected None
Encoding 0100 11da ffff ffff
Description

The contents of register ‘f’ are decremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is placed back in register ‘f’ (default).

If the result is not ‘0’, the next instruction, which is already fetched, is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making it a two-cycle instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1 (2)

Note: Three cycles if skip and followed by a two-word instruction. Four cycles if skip and followed by a three-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

If no skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by two-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by three-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
Example:
HERE   DCFSNZ   TEMP, 1, 0
ZERO:
NZERO:

Before Instruction
TEMP = ?
PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction
TEMP = TEMP – 1
If TEMP = 0; PC = address (ZER0)
If TEMP ≠ 0; PC = address (NZERO)

GOTO Unconditional Branch
Syntax GOTO k
Operands

0 ≤ k ≤ 1048575

Operation

k → PC<20:1>

Status Affected None

Encoding
1st word (k<7:0>)
2nd word (k<19:8>)

1110 1111 k7kkk kkkk0
1111 k19kkk kkkk kkkk8
Description

GOTO allows an unconditional branch anywhere within entire 2-Mbyte memory range. The 20-bit value ‘k’ is loaded into PC<20:1>. GOTO is always a two-cycle instruction.

Words 2
Cycles 2

Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘k’<7:0> No operation Read literal ‘k’<19:8>

Write to PC

No operation No operation No operation No operation

Example: HERE GOTO THERE

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction

PC = address (THERE)

INCF Increment f
Syntax INCF f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(f) + 1 → dest

Status Affected C, DC, N, OV, Z
Encoding 0010 10da ffff ffff
Description

The contents of register ‘f’ are incremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back in the register ‘f’ (default).

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

Example: INCF CNT, 1, 0

Before Instruction
CNT = FFh
Z = 0
C = ?
DC = ?

After Instruction
CNT = 00h
Z = 1
C = 1
DC = 1

INCFSZ Increment f, Skip if 0
Syntax INCFSZ f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(f) + 1 → dest, skip if result = 0

Status Affected None
Encoding 0011 11da ffff ffff
Description

The contents of register ‘f’ are incremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is placed back in register ‘f’ (default).

If the result is ‘0’, the next instruction, which is already fetched, is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making it a two-cycle instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1 (2)

Note: Three cycles if skip and followed by a two-word instruction. Four cycles if skip and followed by a three-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

If no skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by two-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by three-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
Example:
HERE   INCFSZ   CNT, 1, 0
NZERO:
ZERO:

Before Instruction
CNT = ?
PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction
CNT = CNT + 1
If CNT = 0; PC = address (ZERO)
If CNT ≠ 0; PC = address (NZERO)

INFSNZ Increment f, Skip if not 0
Syntax INFSNZ f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(f) + 1 → dest, skip if result ≠ 0

Status Affected None
Encoding 0100 10da ffff ffff
Description

The contents of register ‘f’ are incremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is placed back in register ‘f’ (default).

If the result is not ‘0’, the next instruction, which is already fetched, is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making it a two-cycle instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1 (2)

Note: Three cycles if skip and followed by a two-word instruction. Four cycles if skip and followed by a three-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

If no skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by two-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by three-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
Example:
HERE   INFSNZ   REG, 1, 0
ZERO:
NZERO:

Before Instruction
REG = ?
PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction
REG = REG + 1
If REG = 0; PC = address (ZER0)
If REG ≠ 0; PC = address (NZERO)

IORLW Inclusive OR Literal with W
Syntax IORLW k
Operands

0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation

(W) .OR. k → W

Status Affected N, Z
Encoding 0000 1001 kkkk kkkk
Description The contents of W are ORed with the 8-bit literal ‘k’. The result is placed in W.
Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘k’ Process Data Write to W

Example: IORLW 35h

Before Instruction
W = 9Ah

After Instruction
W = BFh

IORWF Inclusive OR W with f
Syntax IORWF f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(W) .OR. (f) → dest

Status Affected N, Z
Encoding 0001 00da ffff ffff
Description

Inclusive OR W with register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back in the register ‘f’ (default).

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

Example: IORWF RESULT, 0, 1

Before Instruction
RESULT = 13h
W = 91h

After Instruction
RESULT = 13h
W = 93h

LFSR Load FSR
Syntax LFSR fn, k
Operands

0 ≤ fn ≤ 2
0 ≤ k ≤ 16383

Operation

k → FSRfn

Status Affected None
Encoding 1110 1110 00fnfn k13kkk10
1111 00k9k kkkk kkkk0
Description The 14-bit literal ‘k’ is loaded into the File Select Register ‘fn
Words 2
Cycles 2

Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘k’<13:10> Process Data Write literal ‘k’<13:10> to FSRfn<13:10>
No operation Read literal ‘k’<9:0> No operation Write literal ‘k’<9:0> to FSRfn<9:0>

Example: LFSR 2, 3ABh

Before Instruction
FSR2H = ?
FSR2L = ?

After Instruction
FSR2H = 03h
FSR2L = ABh

MOVF Move f
Syntax MOVF f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(f) → dest

Status Affected N, Z
Encoding 0101 00da ffff ffff
Description

The contents of register ‘f’ are moved to a destination. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back in the register ‘f’ (default).

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

Example: MOVF REG, 0, 0

Before Instruction
REG = 22h
W = FFh

After Instruction
REG = 22h
W = 22h

MOVFF Move f to f
Syntax MOVFF fs, fd
Operands

0 ≤ fs ≤ 4095
0 ≤ fd ≤ 4095

Operation

(fs) → fd

Status Affected None
Encoding 1100 fsfsfsfs fsfsfsfs fsfsfsfs
1111 fdfdfdfd fdfdfdfd fdfdfdfd
Description

The contents of source register ‘fs’ are moved to destination register ‘fd’. Location of source ‘fs’ can be anywhere in the 4096-byte data space (000h to FFFh) and location of destination ‘fd’ can also be anywhere from 000h to FFFh.

MOVFF is particularly useful for transferring a data memory location to a peripheral register (such as the transmit buffer or an I/O port).

The MOVFF instruction cannot use the PCL, TOSU, TOSH or TOSL as the destination register.

Note:

MOVFF has curtailed the source and destination range to the lower 4 Kbyte space of memory (Banks 1 through 15). For everything else, use MOVFFL.

Words 2
Cycles 2

Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘fs Process Data No operation
Decode

No operation
No dummy read

No operation Write register ‘fd

Example: MOVFF REG1, REG2

Before Instruction
Address of REG1 = 100h
Address of REG2 = 200h
REG1 = 33h
REG2 = 11h

After Instruction
Address of REG1 = 100h
Address of REG2 = 200h
REG1 = 33h
REG2 = 33h

MOVFFL Move f to f (Long Range)
Syntax MOVFFL fs, fd
Operands

0 ≤ fs ≤ 16383
0 ≤ fd ≤ 16383

Operation

(fs) → fd

Status Affected None
Encoding 0000 0000 0110 fsfsfsfs
1111 fsfsfsfs fsfsfsfs fsfsfdfd
1111 fdfdfdfd fdfdfdfd fdfdfdfd
Description

The contents of source register ‘fs’ are moved to destination register ‘fd’. Location of source ‘fs’ can be anywhere in the 16 Kbyte data space (0000h to 3FFFh) and location of destination ‘fd’ can also be anywhere from 0000h to 3FFFh. Either source or destination can be W (a useful special situation).

MOVFFL is particularly useful for transferring a data memory location to a peripheral register (such as the transmit buffer or an I/O port).

The MOVFFL instruction cannot use the PCL, TOSU, TOSH or TOSL as the destination register.

Words 3
Cycles 3

Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode No operation No operation No operation
Decode Read register ‘fs Process Data No operation
Decode

No operation
No dummy read

No operation Write register ‘fd

Example: MOVFFL 2000h, 200Ah

Before Instruction
Contents of 2000h = 33h
Contents of 200Ah = 11h

After Instruction
Contents of 2000h = 33h
Contents of 200Ah = 33h

MOVLB Move Literal to BSR
Syntax MOVLB k
Operands

0 ≤ k ≤ 63

Operation

k → BSR

Status Affected None
Encoding 0000 0001 00kk kkkk
Description The 6-bit literal ‘k’ is loaded into the Bank Select Register (BSR<5:0>). The value of BSR<7:6> always remains ‘0’.
Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘k’ Process Data Write to BSR

Example: MOVLB 5

Before Instruction
BSR = 02h

After Instruction
BSR = 05h

MOVLW Move Literal to W
Syntax MOVLW k
Operands

0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation

k → W

Status Affected None
Encoding 0000 1110 kkkk kkkk
Description The 8-bit literal ‘k’ is loaded into W
Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘k’ Process Data Write to W

Example: MOVLW 5Ah

Before Instruction
W = ?

After Instruction
W = 5Ah

MOVWF Move W to f
Syntax MOVWF f {,a}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(W) → f

Status Affected None
Encoding 0110 111a ffff ffff
Description

Move data from W to register ‘f’. Location ‘f’ can be anywhere in the 256-byte bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read W Process Data Write register ‘f’

Example: MOVWF REG, 0

Before Instruction
W = 4Fh
REG = FFh

After Instruction
W = 4Fh
REG = 4Fh

MULLW Multiply literal with W
Syntax MULLW k
Operands

0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation

(W) x k → PRODH:PRODL

Status Affected None
Encoding 0000 1101 kkkk kkkk
Description

An unsigned multiplication is carried out between the contents of W and the 8-bit literal ‘k’. The 16-bit result is placed in the PRODH:PRODL register pair. PRODH contains the high byte. W is unchanged.

None of the Status flags are affected. Note that neither overflow nor carry is possible in this operation. A zero result is possible but not detected.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘k’ Process Data Write registers PRODH:PRODL

Example: MULLW 0C4h

Before Instruction
W = E2h
PRODH = ?
PRODL = ?

After Instruction
W = E2h
PRODH = ADh
PRODL = 08h

MULWF Multiply W with f
Syntax MULWF f {,a}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(W) x (f) → PRODH:PRODL

Status Affected None
Encoding 0000 001a ffff ffff
Description

An unsigned multiplication is carried out between the contents of W and the register file location ‘f’. The 16-bit result is placed in the PRODH:PRODL register pair. PRODH contains the high byte. Both W and ‘f’ are unchanged.

None of the Status flags are affected. Note that neither overflow nor carry is possible in this operation. A zero result is possible but not detected.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write registers PRODH:PRODL

Example: MULWF REG, 1

Before Instruction
W = C4h
REG = B5h
PRODH = ?
PRODL = ?

After Instruction
W = C4h
REG = B5h
PRODH = 8Ah
PRODL = 94h

NEGF Negate f
Syntax NEGF f {,a}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(f) + 1 → f

Status Affected N, OV, C, DC, Z
Encoding 0110 110a ffff ffff
Description

Location ‘f’ is negated using two’s complement. The result is placed in the data memory location ‘f’.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write register ‘f’

Example: NEGF REG, 1

Before Instruction
REG = 0011 1010 [3Ah]

After Instruction
REG = 1100 0110 [C6h]

NOP No Operation
Syntax NOP
Operands None
Operation No operation
Status Affected None
Encoding 0000 0000 0000 0000
1111 xxxx xxxx xxxx
Description No operation
Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode No operation No operation No operation

Example: None.

POP Pop Top of Return Stack
Syntax POP
Operands None
Operation

(TOS) → bit bucket

Status Affected None
Encoding 0000 0000 0000 0110
Description

The TOS value is pulled off the return stack and is discarded. The TOS value then becomes the previous value that was pushed onto the return stack. This instruction is provided to enable the user to properly manage the return stack to incorporate a software stack (see the PUSH instruction description).

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode No operation POP TOS value No operation
Example:
    POP
    GOTO    NEW

Before Instruction
TOS = 0031A2h
Stack (1 level down) = 014332h

After Instruction
TOS = 014332h
PC = address (NEW)

PUSH Push Top of Return Stack
Syntax PUSH
Operands None
Operation

(PC) + 2 → TOS

Status Affected None
Encoding 0000 0000 0000 0101
Description

The PC + 2 is pushed onto the top of the return stack. The previous TOS value is pushed down on the stack. This instruction allows implementing a software stack by modifying TOS and then pushing it onto the return stack (see the POP instruction description).

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode PUSH PC + 2 onto return stack No operation No operation

Example: PUSH

Before Instruction
TOS = 00345Ah
PC = 000124h

After Instruction
TOS = 000126h
PC = 000126h
Stack (1 level down) = 00345Ah

RCALL Relative Call
Syntax RCALL n
Operands -1024 ≤ n ≤ 1023
Operation

(PC) + 2 → TOS
(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC

Status Affected None
Encoding 1101 1nnn nnnn nnnn
Description

Subroutine call with a jump up to 1K from the current location. First, return address (PC + 2) is pushed onto the stack. Then, add the two’s complement number ‘2n’ to the PC. Since the PC will have incremented to fetch the next instruction, the new address will be PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is a two-cycle instruction.

Words 1
Cycles 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode

Read literal ‘n’
PUSH PC to stack

Process Data Write to PC
No operation No operation No operation No operation

Example: HERE RCALL Jump

Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction
PC = address (Jump)
TOS = address (HERE + 2)

RESET Reset
Syntax RESET
Operands None
Operation Reset all registers and flags that are affected by a MCLR Reset
Status Affected All
Encoding 0000 0000 1111 1111
Description This instruction provides a way to execute a MCLR Reset by software
Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Start Reset No operation No operation

Example: RESET

Before Instruction
All Registers = ?
All Flags = ?

After Instruction
All Registers = Reset Value
All Flags = Reset Value

RETFIE Return from Interrupt
Syntax RETFIE {s}
Operands

s ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(TOS) → PC

If s = 1, context is restored into WREG, STATUS, BSR, FSR0H, FSR0L, FSR1H, FSR1L, FSR2H, FSR2L, PRODH, PRODL, PCLATH and PCLATU registers from the corresponding shadow registers.

If s = 0, there is no change in status of any register.

PCLATU, PCLATH are unchanged.

Status Affected STAT bits in INTCONx register
Encoding 0000 0000 0001 000s
Description

Return from interrupt. Stack is popped and Top-of-Stack (TOS) is loaded into the PC. Interrupts are enabled by setting either the high- or low-priority Global Interrupt Enable bit.

If ‘s’ = 1, the contents of the shadow registers WREG_SHAD, STATUS_SHAD, BSR_SHAD, FSR0H_SHAD, FSR0L_SHAD, FSR1H_SHAD, FSR1L_SHAD, FSR2H_SHAD, FSR2L_SHAD, PRODH_SHAD, PRODL_SHAD, PCLATH_SHAD and PCLATU_SHAD are loaded into corresponding registers. There are two sets of shadow registers, main context and low context. The set retrieved on RETFIE instruction execution depends on what the state of operation of the CPU was when RETFIE was executed.

If ‘s’ = 0, no update of these registers occurs (default).

The upper and high address latches (PCLATU/H) remain unchanged.

Words 1
Cycles 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode No operation Process Data POP PC from stack
No operation No operation No operation No operation

Example: RETFIE 1

After Instruction
PC = (TOS)
WREG = (WREG_SHAD)
BSR = (BSR_SHAD)
STATUS = (STATUS_SHAD)
FSR0H/L = (FSR0H/L_SHAD)
FSR1H/L = (FSR1H/L_SHAD)
FSR2H/L = (FSR2H/L_SHAD)
PRODH/L = (PRODH/L_SHAD)
PCLATH/U = (PCLATH/U_SHAD)

RETLW Return Literal to W
Syntax RETLW k
Operands

0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation

k → W
(TOS) → PC
PCLATU, PCLATH are unchanged

Status Affected None
Encoding 0000 1100 kkkk kkkk
Description W is loaded with the 8-bit literal ‘k’. The Program Counter is loaded from the top of the stack (the return address). The upper and high address latches (PCLATU/H) remain unchanged.
Words 1
Cycles 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘k’ Process Data

POP PC from stack
Write to W

No operation No operation No operation No operation
Example:
    CALL   TABLE  ; W contains table offset value
BACK              ; W now has table value (after RETLW)
    :
    :
TABLE
    ADDWF  PCL    ; W = offset
    RETLW  k0     ; Begin table
    RETLW  k1     ;
    :
    :
    RETLW  kn     ; End of table

Before Instruction
W = 07h

After Instruction
W = value of kn

RETURN Return from Subroutine
Syntax RETURN {s}
Operands

s ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(TOS) → PC

If s = 1
(WREG_CSHAD) → WREG
(STATUS_CSHAD) → STATUS
(BSR_CSHAD) → BSR
PCLATU, PCLATH are unchanged

Status Affected None
Encoding 0000 0000 0001 001s
Description

Return from subroutine. The stack is popped and the top of the stack (TOS) is loaded into the Program Counter. If ‘s’ = 1, the contents of the shadow registers WREG_CSHAD, STATUS_CSHAD and BSR_CSHAD, are loaded into their corresponding registers. If ‘s’ = 0, no update of these registers occurs (default). The upper and high address latches (PCLATU/H) remain unchanged.

Words 1
Cycles 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode No operation Process Data POP PC from stack
No operation No operation No operation No operation

Example: RETURN 1

After Instruction
PC = (TOS)
WREG = (WREG_CSHAD)
BSR = (BSR_CSHAD)
STATUS = (STATUS_CSHAD)

RLCF Rotate Left f through Carry
Syntax RLCF f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(f<n>) → dest<n+1>
(f<7>) → C
(C) → dest<0>

Status Affected C, N, Z
Encoding 0011 01da ffff ffff
Description

The contents of register ‘f’ are rotated one bit to the left through the Carry flag. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back in the register ‘f’ (default).

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

Example: RLCF REG, 0, 0

Before Instruction
REG = 1110 0110 [E6h]
W = ?
C = 0

After Instruction
REG = 1110 0110 [E6h]
W = 1100 1100 [CCh]
C = 1

RLNCF Rotate Left f (No Carry)
Syntax RLNCF f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(f<n>) → dest<n+1>
(f<7>) → dest<0>

Status Affected N, Z
Encoding 0100 01da ffff ffff
Description

The contents of register ‘f’ are rotated one bit to the left. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back in the register ‘f’ (default).

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

Example: RLNCF REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction
REG = 1010 1011 [ABh]

After Instruction
REG = 0101 0111 [57h]

RRCF Rotate Right f through Carry
Syntax RRCF f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(f<n>) → dest<n-1>
(f<0>) → C
(C) → dest<7>

Status Affected C, N, Z
Encoding 0011 00da ffff ffff
Description

The contents of register ‘f’ are rotated one bit to the right through the Carry flag. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back in the register ‘f’ (default).

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

Example: RRCF REG, 0, 0

Before Instruction
REG = 1110 0110 [E6h]
W = ?
C = 0

After Instruction
REG = 1110 0110 [E6h]
W = 0111 0011 [73h]
C = 0

RRNCF Rotate Right f (No Carry)
Syntax RRNCF f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(f<n>) → dest<n-1>
(f<0>) → dest<7>

Status Affected N, Z
Encoding 0100 00da ffff ffff
Description

The contents of register ‘f’ are rotated one bit to the right. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back in the register ‘f’ (default).

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

Example 1: RRNCF REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction
REG = 1101 0111 [D7h]

After Instruction
REG = 1110 1011 [EBh]

Example 2: RRNCF REG, 0, 0

Before Instruction
REG = 1101 0111 [D7h]
W = ?

After Instruction
REG = 1101 0111 [D7h]
W = 1110 1011 [EBh]

SETF Set f
Syntax SETF f {,a}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation FFh → f
Status Affected None
Encoding 0110 100a ffff ffff
Description

The contents of the specified register ‘f’ are set to FFh.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write register ‘f’

Example: SETF REG, 1

Before Instruction
REG = 5Ah

After Instruction
REG = FFh

SLEEP Enter Sleep Mode
Syntax SLEEP
Operands None
Operation

00h → WDT
1 → TO
0 → PD

Status Affected TO, PD
Encoding 0000 0000 0000 0011
Description The Power-down Status (PD) bit is cleared. The Time-Out Status TO) bit is set. Watchdog Timer is cleared. The processor is put into Sleep mode with the oscillator stopped.
Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode No operation Process Data Go to Sleep

Example: SLEEP

Before Instruction
TO = ?
PD = ?

After Instruction
TO = 1
PD = 0

† If WDT causes wake-up, this bit is cleared.

SUBFSR Subtract Literal from FSR
Syntax SUBFSR fn, k
Operands

0 ≤ k ≤ 63
fn ∈ [0, 1, 2]

Operation (FSRfn) – k → FSRfn
Status Affected None
Encoding 1110 1001 fnfnkk kkkk
Description The 6-bit literal ‘k’ is subtracted from the contents of the FSR specified by ‘fn
Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘k’ Process Data Write to FSR

Example: SUBFSR 2, 23h

Before Instruction
FSR2 = 03FFh

After Instruction
FSR2 = 03DCh

SUBFWB Subtract f from W with Borrow
Syntax SUBFWB f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(W) – (f) – (C) → dest

Status Affected N, OV, C, DC, Z
Encoding 0101 01da ffff ffff
Description

Subtract register ‘f’ and Carry flag (Borrow) from W (two’s complement method). If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back in the register ‘f’ (default).

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

Example 1: SUBFWB REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction
REG = 03h
W = 02h
C = 1

After Instruction
REG = FFh (two’s complement)
W = 02h
C = 0
Z = 0
N = 1 (result is negative)

Example 2: SUBFWB REG, 0, 0

Before Instruction
REG = 02h
W = 05h
C = 1

After Instruction
REG = 02h
W = 03h
C = 1
Z = 0
N = 0 (result is positive)

Example 3: SUBFWB REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction
REG = 01h
W = 02h
C = 0

After Instruction
REG = 00h
W = 02h
C = 1
Z = 1 (result is zero)
N = 0

SUBLW Subtract W from Literal
Syntax SUBLW k
Operands

0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation

k – (W) → W

Status Affected N, OV, C, DC, Z
Encoding 0000 1000 kkkk kkkk
Description W is subtracted from the 8-bit literal ‘k’. The result is placed in W.
Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘k’ Process Data Write to W

Example 1: SUBLW 02h

Before Instruction
W = 01h
C = ?

After Instruction
W = 01h
C = 1 (result is positive)
Z = 0
N = 0

Example 2: SUBLW 02h

Before Instruction
W = 02h
C = ?

After Instruction
W = 00h
C = 1
Z = 1 (result is zero)
N = 0

Example 3: SUBLW 02h

Before Instruction
W = 03h
C = ?

After Instruction
W = FFh (two’s complement)
C = 0
Z = 0
N = 1 (result is negative)

SUBWF Subtract W from f
Syntax SUBWF f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(f) – (W) → dest

Status Affected N, OV, C, DC, Z
Encoding 0101 11da ffff ffff
Description

Subtract W from register ‘f’ (two’s complement method). If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back in the register ‘f’ (default).

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

Example 1: SUBWF REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction
REG = 03h
W = 02h
C = ?

After Instruction
REG = 01h (two’s complement)
W = 02h
C = 1 (result is positive)
Z = 0
N = 0

Example 2: SUBWF REG, 0, 0

Before Instruction
REG = 02h
W = 02h
C = ?

After Instruction
REG = 02h
W = 00h
C = 1
Z = 1 (result is zero)
N = 0

Example 3: SUBWF REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction
REG = 01h
W = 02h
C = ?

After Instruction
REG = FFh (two’s complement)
W = 02h
C = 0
Z = 0
N = 1 (result is negative)

SUBWFB Subtract W from f with Borrow
Syntax SUBWFB f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(f) – (W) – (C) → dest

Status Affected N, OV, C, DC, Z
Encoding 0101 10da ffff ffff
Description

Subtract W and the Carry flag (Borrow) from register ‘f’ (two’s complement method). If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back in the register ‘f’ (default).

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

Example 1: SUBWFB REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction
REG = 19h (0001 1001)
W = 0Dh (0000 1101)
C = 1

After Instruction
REG = 0Ch (0000 1100)
W = 0Dh (0000 1101)
C = 1 (result is positive)
Z = 0
N = 0

Example 2: SUBWFB REG, 0, 0

Before Instruction
REG = 1Bh (0001 1011)
W = 1Ah (0001 1010)
C = 0

After Instruction
REG = 1Bh (0001 1011)
W = 00h
C = 1
Z = 1 (result is zero)
N = 0

Example 3: SUBWFB REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction
REG = 03h (0000 0011)
W = 0Eh (0000 1110)
C = 1

After Instruction
REG = F5h (1111 0101) (two’s complement)
W = 0Eh (0000 1110)
C = 0
Z = 0
N = 1 (result is negative)

SWAPF Swap f
Syntax SWAPF f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(f<3:0>) → dest<7:4>
(f<7:4>) → dest<3:0>

Status Affected None
Encoding 0011 10da ffff ffff
Description

The upper and lower nibbles of register ‘f’ are exchanged. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back in the register ‘f’ (default).

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

Example: SWAPF REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction
REG = 53h

After Instruction
REG = 35h

TBLRD Table Read
Syntax

TBLRD *
TBLRD *+
TBLRD *-
TBLRD +*

Operands None
Operation

If TBLRD *
(Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) → TABLAT
TBLPTR – No Change

If TBLRD *+
(Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) → TABLAT
(TBLPTR) + 1 → TBLPTR

If TBLRD *-
(Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) → TABLAT
(TBLPTR) – 1 → TBLPTR

If TBLRD +*
(TBLPTR) + 1 → TBLPTR
(Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) → TABLAT

Status Affected None
Encoding 0000 0000 0000

10mm

mm=0  *
mm=1 *+
mm=2 *-
mm=3 +*

Description

This instruction is used to read the contents of Program Memory. To address the program memory, a pointer called Table Pointer (TBLPTR) is used.

The TBLPTR (a 21-bit pointer) points to each byte in the program memory. TBLPTR has a 2-Mbyte address range.

TBLPTR[0] = 0: Least Significant Byte of Program Memory Word

TBLPTR[0] = 1: Most Significant Byte of Program Memory Word

The TBLRD instruction can modify the value of TBLPTR as follows:
  • no change (TBLRD *)
  • post-increment (TBLRD *+)
  • post-decrement (TBLRD *-)
  • pre-increment (TBLRD +*)
Words 1
Cycles 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode No operation No operation No operation
No operation

No operation
(Read Program Memory)

No operation

No operation
(Write TABLAT)

Example 1: TBLRD *+

Before Instruction
TABLAT = 55h
TBLPTR = 00A356h
MEMORY (00A356h) = 34h

After Instruction
TABLAT = 34h
TBLPTR = 00A357h

Example 2: TBLRD +*

Before Instruction
TABLAT = AAh
TBLPTR = 01A357h
MEMORY (01A357h) = 12h
MEMORY (01A358h) = 34h

After Instruction
TABLAT = 34h
TBLPTR = 01A358h

TBLWT Table Write
Syntax

TBLWT *
TBLWT *+
TBLWT *-
TBLWT +*

Operands None
Operation

If TBLWT *
(TABLAT) → Holding Register
TBLPTR – No Change

If TBLWT *+
(TABLAT) → Holding Register
(TBLPTR) + 1 → TBLPTR

If TBLWT *-
(TABLAT) → Holding Register
(TBLPTR) – 1 → TBLPTR

If TBLWT +*
(TBLPTR) + 1 → TBLPTR
(TABLAT) → Holding Register

Status Affected None
Encoding 0000 0000 0000

11mm

mm=0  *
mm=1 *+
mm=2 *-
mm=3 +*

Description

This instruction uses the three LSBs of TBLPTR to determine which of the eight holding registers the TABLAT is written to. The holding registers are used to program the contents of Program Memory (refer to the “Program Flash Memory” section for additional details on programming Flash memory).

The TBLPTR (a 21-bit pointer) points to each byte in the program memory. TBLPTR has a 2-Mbyte address range. The LSb of the TBLPTR selects which byte of the program memory location to access.

TBLPTR[0] = 0: Least Significant Byte of Program Memory Word

TBLPTR[0] = 1: Most Significant Byte of Program Memory Word

The TBLWT instruction can modify the value of TBLPTR as follows:
  • no change (TBLWT *)
  • post-increment (TBLWT *+)
  • post-decrement (TBLWT *-)
  • pre-increment (TBLWT +*)
Words 1
Cycles 2

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode No operation No operation No operation
No operation

No operation
(Read TABLAT)

No operation

No operation (Write to Holding Register)

Example 1: TBLWT *+

Before Instruction
TABLAT = 55h
TBLPTR = 00A356h
HOLDING REGISTER (00A356h) = FFh

After Instruction (table write completion)
TABLAT = 55h
TBLPTR = 00A357h
HOLDING REGISTER (00A356h) = 55h

Example 2: TBLWT +*

Before Instruction
TABLAT = 34h
TBLPTR = 01389Ah
HOLDING REGISTER (01389Ah) = FFh
HOLDING REGISTER (01389Bh) = FFh

After Instruction (table write completion)
TABLAT = 34h
TBLPTR = 01389Bh
HOLDING REGISTER (01389Ah) = FFh
HOLDING REGISTER (01389Bh) = 34h

TSTFSZ Test f, Skip if 0
Syntax TSTFSZ f {,a}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

Skip if f = 0

Status Affected None
Encoding 0110 011a ffff ffff
Description

If ‘f’ = 0, the next instruction fetched during the current instruction execution is discarded and a NOP is executed, making this a two-cycle instruction.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1 (2)

Note: Three cycles if skip and followed by a two-word instruction. Four cycles if skip and followed by a three-word instruction.

Q Cycle Activity:

If no skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation

If skip:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by two-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation

If skip and followed by three-word instruction:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
No operation No operation No operation No operation
Example:
HERE   TSTFSZ   CNT, 1
NZERO:
ZERO:

Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction
If CNT = 0; PC = address (ZERO)
If CNT ≠ 0; PC = address (NZERO)

XORLW Exclusive OR Literal with W
Syntax XORLW k
Operands

0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation

(W) .XOR. k → W

Status Affected N, Z
Encoding 0000 1010 kkkk kkkk
Description The contents of W are XORed with the 8-bit literal ‘k’. The result is placed in W.
Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal ‘k’ Process Data Write to W

Example: XORLW 0AFh

Before Instruction
W = B5h

After Instruction
W = 1Ah

XORWF Exclusive OR W with f
Syntax XORWF f {,d {,a}}
Operands

0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0, 1]
a ∈ [0, 1]

Operation

(W) .XOR. (f) → dest

Status Affected N, Z
Encoding 0001 10da ffff ffff
Description

Exclusive OR the contents of W with register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back in the register ‘f’ (default).

If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the GPR bank.

If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set is enabled, this instruction operates in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See Byte-Oriented and Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed Literal Offset Mode for details.

Words 1
Cycles 1

Q Cycle Activity:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read register ‘f’ Process Data Write to destination

Example: XORWF REG, 1, 0

Before Instruction
REG = AFh
W = B5h

After Instruction
REG = 1Ah
W = B5h