43.6.5 Pulse Width Modulator (PWM)
The CLASSD Pulse Width Modulator generates fixed frequency pulse width modulated output signals. For the 44.1 kS/s and 48 kS/s standard audio sample rates, the PWM output frequency is set to 16 × fs: 705.6 kHz and 768 kHz respectively. For 8, 16, 24 and 96 kS/s, the 16× (interpolation) ratio is adapted to keep the output frequency at 768 kHz. In the same way, the output frequency is 705.6 kHz for the 22.05 and 88.2 kS/s cases.
The CLASSD functions either as a DAC loaded by a medium-to-high resistive load (e.g., 1 kΩ to 100 kΩ) or as a Class D power amplifier controller driving an external power stage. Depending on the value of CLASSD_MR.NON_OVERLAP, the CLASSD drives:
- Single-ended or differential resistive loads (NON_OVERLAP = 0)
- Full or Half MOSFET H-bridges (NON_OVERLAP = 1)
When driving an external power stage (NON_OVERLAP = 1), the CLASSD generates the signals to control complementary MOSFET pairs (PMOS and NMOS) with a non-overlapping delay between the NMOS and PMOS controls to avoid short circuit current. The non-overlapping delay can be adjusted in the CLASSD_MR.NOVRVAL field.
The CLASSD can have a single-ended or a differential output. A specific pulse width modulation type is associated to each case. For single-ended output (CLASSD_MR.PWMTYP = 0), the PWM acts only on the falling edge of the PWM waveform (trailing edge PWM). For differential output (CLASSD_MR.PWMTYP = 1), both the rising and the falling edges of the PWM waveform are modulated (symmetric PWM). Modulation principles are illustrated in the following figures for both types of PWM. In particular, when describing a null input, if PWMTYP = 0 (trailing edge PWM), the output waveform is a square wave with 50% duty cycle. With the same input and PWMTYP = 1, the differential output waveform is zero. This difference removes the classical L-C low-pass filter when PWMTYP = 1.
