36.3.3 Start Condition
All I2C transmissions begin with a Start condition. The Start condition is
used to synchronize the SCL signals between the host and client devices. The
I2C Specification defines a Start condition as a transition of the SDA
line from a logic high level (Idle state) to a logic low level (Active state) while the
SCL line is at a logic high (see the figure below). A Start condition is always
generated by the host and is initiated by either writing to the Start (S) bit or by writing to the I2C Transmit Buffer (I2CxTXB)
register, depending on the Address Buffer Disable (ABD) bit setting.
When the I2C module is configured in Host mode, module hardware waits until
the bus is free (Idle state). Module hardware checks the Bus Free Status (BFRE) bit to ensure the bus is Idle before initiating a Start condition.
When the BFRE bit is set, the bus is considered Idle and indicates that the SCL and SDA
lines have been in a Logic High state for the amount of I2C clock cycles as
selected by the Bus Free Time Selection (BFRET) bits. When a Start condition is detected on the bus, module hardware clears the BFRE
bit, indicating an active bus.
In Multi-Host mode, it is possible for two host devices to issue Start conditions at the same time. If two or more hosts initiate a Start at the same time, a bus collision will occur; however, the I2C Specification states that a bus collision cannot occur on a Start. In this case, the competing host devices must go through bus arbitration during the addressing phase.
The figure below shows a Start condition.
