2.6 Hidden Short-Circuits

If two digital (push-pull) output drivers are active on the same I/O line, creates a short circuit if one output driver sends a 1 while the other sends a 0. Only one push-pull output driver can be on an I/O line, except for devices that tri-state the output when inactive (common in SPI).

Figure 2-4. Short-Circuit Through the Push-Pull Stage

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