44.5.2 Correction by Offset Current

When the waveform is varying relative to V_SS, the zero-cross is detected too early as the waveform falls and too late as the waveform rises. When the waveform is varying relative to V_DD, the zero-cross is detected too late as the waveform rises and too early as the waveform falls. The actual offset time can be determined for sinusoidal waveforms with the corresponding equations shown below.

Equation 44-4. ZCD Event Offset

When External Voltage source is relative to V_SS:

T_{o f f s e t} = \frac{{sin}^{-1} (\frac{Z_{C P I N V}}{V_{P E A K}})}{2 π f}

When External Voltage source is relative to V_DD:

T_{o f f s e t} = \frac{{sin}^{-1} (\frac{V_{D D} - Z_{C P I N V}}{V_{P E A K}})}{2 π f}

This offset time can be compensated for by adding a pull-up or pull-down biasing resistor to the ZCD pin. A pull-up resistor is used when the external voltage source is varying relative to V_SS. A pull-down resistor is used when the voltage is varying relative to V_DD. The resistor adds a bias to the ZCD pin so that the target external voltage source must go to zero to pull the pin voltage to the Z_CPINV switching voltage. The pull-up or pull-down value can be determined with the equations shown below.

Equation 44-5. ZCD Pull-up/Pull-down Resistor

When External Voltage source is relative to V_SS:

R_{p u l l u p} = \frac{R_{S E R I E S} (V_{p u l l u p} - Z_{C P I N V})}{Z_{C P I N V}}

When External Voltage source is relative to V_DD:

R_{p u l l d o w n} = \frac{R_{S E R I E S} (Z_{C P I N V})}{(V_{D D} - Z_{C P I N V})}