2.2.1 Over the Air Activation (OTAA)

In the over-the-air activation method, end-devices must follow a join procedure prior to perform data exchanges with the network server. An end-device has to go through a new join procedure every time it has lost the session context information.

The join procedure requires the end-device to be personalized with a unique end-device identifier (DevEUI), an application identifier (AppEUI), and Application Key (AppKey) information before it starts the join procedure (join request - join accept procedure).