46.7.8.8 Client Node Synchronization

The synchronization is done only in client node configuration. The procedure is based on time measurement between the falling edges of the Synch Field. The falling edges are available in distances of 2, 4, 6 and 8 bit times.

Figure 46-41. Synch Field

The time measurement is made by a 19-bit counter driven by the sampling clock (see Baud Rate Generator).

When the start bit of the Synch Field is detected, the counter is reset. Then during the next eight tbit of the Synch Field, the counter is incremented. At the end of these eight tbit, the counter is stopped. At this moment, the 16 most significant bits of the counter (value divided by 8) give the new clock divider (LINCD) and the 3 least significant bits of this value (the remainder) give the new fractional part (LINFP).

Once the Synch Field has been entirely received, the clock divider (LINCD) and the fractional part (LINFP) are updated in the LIN Baud Rate register (FLEX_US_LINBRR) with the computed values, if the Synchronization is not disabled by the SYNCDIS bit in the LIN Mode register (FLEX_US_LINMR).

After reception of the Synch Field:

  • If it appears that the computed baud rate deviation compared to the initial baud rate is superior to the maximum tolerance FTol_Unsynch (±15%), then the clock divider (LINCD) and the fractional part (LINFP) are not updated, and the FLEX_US_CSR.LINSTE error flag bit is set.
  • If it appears that the sampled Synch character is not equal to 0x55, then the clock divider (LINCD) and the fractional part (LINFP) are not updated, and the FLEX_US_CSR.LINISFE error flag bit is set.

Flags LINSTE and LINISFE are reset by writing a one to the FLEX_US_CR.RSTSTA bit.

Figure 46-42. Client Node Synchronization

The synchronization accuracy depends on several parameters:

  • The nominal clock frequency (fNom) (the theoretical client node clock frequency)
  • The baud rate
  • The oversampling (OVER = 0 => 16X or OVER = 1 => 8X)

The following formula is used to compute the deviation of the client bit rate relative to the host bit rate after synchronization (fCLIENT is the real client node clock frequency).

Baud rate deviation = 100 × α × 8 × 2 − Over + β ] × Baud rate 8 × f CLIENT %
Baud rate deviation = 100 × α × 8 × 2 − Over + β ] × Baud rate 8 × f TOL_UNSYNCH 100 ×  f Nom %
− 0.5 ≤ α ≤ + 0.5      -1 < β < + 1

fTOL_UNSYNCH is the deviation of the real client node clock from the nominal clock frequency. The LIN Standard imposes that it must not exceed ±15%. The LIN Standard imposes also that for communication between two nodes, their bit rate must not differ by more than ±2%. This means that the baud rate deviation must not exceed ±1%.

Therefore, a minimum value for the nominal clock frequency can be computed as follows:

f Nom min = 100 × 0.5 × 8 × 2 − Over + 1 × Baud rate 8 × − 15 100 + 1 × 1% Hz

Examples:

  • Baud rate = 20 kbit/s, OVER = 0 (Oversampling 16X) => fNom(min) = 2.64 MHz
  • Baud rate = 20 kbit/s, OVER = 1 (Oversampling 8X) => fNom(min) = 1.47 MHz
  • Baud rate = 1 kbit/s, OVER = 0 (Oversampling 16X) => fNom(min) = 132 kHz
  • Baud rate = 1 kbit/s, OVER = 1 (Oversampling 8X) => fNom(min) = 74 kHz