2.3 Thread Device Roles

Within a Thread network, devices can assume the following roles:

  1. Leader (1 in this network)

    • A single device manages the Thread network
    • Assigns Router IDs to devices
    • Distributes network-wide configuration data
    • Manages Commissioner petitioning
    • Is automatically elected from among the routers
    • If the Leader fails, another Router is automatically elected

  2. Router (Up to 16 in this network)

    • Forwards data packets throughout the mesh
    • Provides routing services for End Devices
    • Maintains continuous radio operation
    • Supports multiple child devices
    • Allows up to 32 Routers within a Thread network
    • Participates in Leader election

  3. End Device / Child (Up to 183 in this network)

    • Communicates only through a parent Router
    • Cannot forward messages for other devices
    • Can operate as a Sleepy End Device (SED) to reduce power consumption
    • Maintain a connection with its assigned parent
    • Does not participate in routing decisions

  4. Border Router (Optional)

    • Connects the Thread network to backbone networks, such as Wi-Fi® or Ethernet
    • Provides IPv6 routing between the Thread network and other IP networks
    • Can also operate as a Leader or Router