43.16 External XTAL and Clock AC Electrical Specifications

Table 43-17. External XTAL and Clock AC Electrical Specifications
AC CharacteristicsStandard Operating Conditions: VDDIO = VDDANA 1.9V to 3.6V (unless otherwise stated) Operating Temperature: -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for Industrial Temp

-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for Extended Temp
Param. No.SymbolCharacteristicsMin.Typ.Max.UnitsConditions(1)
XOSC_1FOSC_XOSCXOSC crystal frequency—16—MHzXIN, XOUT primary oscillator
XOSC_1ATOSCTOSC = 1/FOSC_XOSC —0.0625 —μsSee parameter XOSC1 for FOSC_XOSC value
XOSC_2XOSC_ST(2)XOSC crystal start-up time ——2.5msCrystal stabilization time only not oscillator ready
XOSC_3CXINXOSC XIN parasitic pin capacitance— 0.35—pFWith default crystal trim settings
XOSC_5CXOUTXOSC XOUT parasitic pin capacitance— 0.35—pFWith default crystal trim settings
XOSC_11CLOAD(3) XOSC crystal FOSC = 16 MHz—9 —pF —
XOSC_21ESR XOSC crystal FOSC = 16 MHz— — 100 Ω—
XOSC_33DLEVEL MCU crystal oscillator power drive level — — 100 μW —
Note:
  1. VDDIO = VDDANA = 3.3V.
  2. This is for guidance only. A major component of crystal start-up time is based on the second party crystal MFG parasitic that are outside the scope of this specification.
  3. The test conditions for crystal load capacitor calculation are as follows:
    • Standard PCB trace capacitance = 1.5 pF per 12.5 mm (0.5 inches) (in other words, PCB STD TRACE W = 0.175 mm, H = 36 μm, T = 113 μm).
    • Xtal PCB capacitance typical; therefore, ~= 2.5 pF for a tight PCB xtal layout.
    • For CXIN and CXOUT within 4 pF of each other, assume CXTAL_EFF = ((CXIN+CXOUT) / 2).
    • Note: Averaging CXIN and CXOUT will affect the final calculated CLOAD value by less than 0.25 pF.
    Equation 43-1. Equation 1:
    MFG   CLOAD⁢  Spec = {([CXIN⁢ +  C1]  *  [CXOUT⁢   +  C2])/[CXIN⁢ +  C1⁢ +C2⁢ +CXOUT]}  + estimated⁢ oscillator⁢ PCB⁢ stray⁢ capaci⁢tance⁢

    Assuming C1 = C2 and CXin ~= CXout, the formula can be further simplified and restated to solve for C1 and C2 by:

    Equation 43-2. Equation 2 (In other words: Simplified Equation 1)
    C1⁢  =   C2⁢  =  ((2⁢ *  MFG   CLOAD⁢  Spec)  −CXTAL_EFF⁢ −  (2⁢ *  ⁢ PCB⁢   ⁢ capaci⁢tance))⁢

    Example:

    • XTAL Mfg CLOAD Data Sheet Spec = 12 pF
    • PCB XTAL trace Capacitance = 2.5 pF
    • CXIN pin = 6.5 pF, CXOUT pin = 4.5 pF; therefore, CXTAL_EFF = ((CXIN+CXOUT) / 2)

    CXTAL_EFF = ((6.5 + 4.5)/2) = 5.5 pF

    C1 = C2 = ((2 * MFG Cload spec) - CXTAL_EFF - (2 * PCB capacitance))

    C1 = C2 = (24 - 5.5 - (2 * 2.5))

    C1 = C2 = 13.5 pF (Always rounded down)

    C1 = C2 = 13 pF (in other words, for hypothetical example crystal external load capacitors)

    User C1 = C2 = 13 pF CLOAD (max) spec

  4. These parameters are characterized but not tested in manufacturing.
Figure 43-12. External XTAL and Clock Diagram